Which statement best distinguishes DKA from Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHNS)?

• A. HHNS features significant ketosis and metabolic acidosis and occurs primarily in younger Type 1 patients.
• B. DKA involves ketosis and metabolic acidosis, often in younger individuals with Type 1 diabetes.
• C. HHNS has less glucose elevation than DKA.
• D. DKA occurs only with dehydration and no acidosis.

Answer: (B)

DKA is defined by the presence of ketosis and metabolic acidosis caused by insulin deficiency driving ketone production. This pattern is most common in younger people with type 1 diabetes who may become ill and have reduced insulin or increased counter-regulatory hormones. HHNS, in contrast, features very high glucose with marked dehydration but little ketosis and only mild or absent acidosis, and it typically occurs in older adults with type 2 diabetes. So the statement that notes both ketosis and metabolic acidosis and the typical younger Type 1 patient best distinguishes DKA from HHNS. The other descriptions misstate ketosis presence, the level of acidosis, or the typical patient population.