Which statement best describes informed consent in nursing practice?

• A. Informed consent is the physician’s authorization to perform any procedure.
• B. Consent can be implied even if the patient does not understand.
• C. Consent is valid only if obtained in writing.
• D. It is the patient’s voluntary agreement to care after risks, benefits, and alternatives are explained.

Answer: (D)

Informed consent means the patient freely agrees to care after they’ve been given clear information about what will be done, the expected benefits, the potential risks, and reasonable alternatives. This centers on respecting the patient’s autonomy and ensuring shared decision-making. The nurse’s role is to support this process by clarifying information, checking understanding, and ensuring the patient feels no pressure to decide. Consent can be obtained in writing or verbally, depending on the procedure and setting, and it remains valid only if the patient has the capacity to decide and is not coerced. The patient also retains the right to refuse treatment at any time.