What is the first action for a patient showing signs of anaphylaxis in a hospital setting?

• A. Evacuate the room.
• B. Secure the airway and call for emergency assistance; administer epinephrine per protocol if indicated.
• C. Administer antihistamine only.
• D. Offer fluids and wait for orders.

Answer: (B)

Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency where swelling of the airway, bronchospasm, and profound hypotension can develop in minutes. The immediate priority is to protect the airway and summon rapid help, so a patient can receive advanced support right away. At the same time, administer epinephrine as soon as it’s indicated by the hospital protocol because it is the first-line treatment that reverses airway edema, constricted airways, and vasodilation. Delaying epinephrine while waiting for tests or additional steps allows the reaction to worsen, increasing the risk of respiratory failure and shock. After initiating epinephrine, continue with supportive care (high-flow oxygen, IV access, fluids as needed) and monitor the patient closely. Antihistamines or steroids can be used as adjuncts, but they do not replace the need for prompt epinephrine. Evacuating the room or waiting for orders before treating would impede life-saving intervention.